The Information Technology Act, 2000 established the Cyber Appellate Tribunal. As the name suggests, the Tribunal exercises appellate jurisdiction only. It has the authority to hear appeals on both questions of fact and law against decisions or orders passed by the Controller of Certifying Authorities or the Adjudicating Officer. In other words, it has statutory
Stalking is an act that many people may have engaged in at some point in their lives, often without realizing its seriousness. Traditionally, stalking was not perceived as a serious offence, and few imagined that it could evolve into a form of cybercrime. This lack of concern exists primarily because stalking is often not taken
For many years, money laundering was primarily a physical activity. Concealing the existence, illegal source, or unlawful application of income—and disguising it to appear legitimate—required the launderer to physically transport large amounts of cash. With the advent of the internet, however, this process has significantly evolved. Today, cybercriminals increasingly use online platforms to legitimize illicit
Meaning and Nature of Child Pornography Child pornography refers to the creation, distribution, possession, or viewing of material that depicts children—either real or digitally simulated—in sexually explicit acts. Such material may include images, videos, or live-streamed content transmitted through digital platforms. Once created and circulated, these materials permanently record the abuse of the child and
